SUSTAINABLE AND CHEMICAL-FREE CULTIVATION OF PAW SAN RICE VARIETIES IN YEKYI TOWNSHIP, AYEYARWADY REGION AT MYANMAR

Abstract

The Ayeyarwady Region of Myanmar, known as the nation’s “rice bowl,” has historically been famous for Paw San rice varieties, valued for aroma and grain quality. Increasing use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has raised concerns over soil degradation, environmental health, and consumer safety. Farmer-participatory research was conducted from 2022 to 2024 in Yekyi Township to evaluate the performance of Paw San rice varieties under chemical-free cultivation using natural fertilizers and biocontrol measures. Six varieties were tested, and detailed yield, soil, and grain quality assessments were conducted. Results showed that Phyar Pon Paw San Yin, Ayeyarwady Paw San Gyi, and Phyar Pon Paw San Gyi consistently produced the highest yields (up to 127 baskets per acre). Chemical-free rice demonstrated superior consumer quality traits, including stronger aroma and softer texture. Market trials confirmed high consumer acceptance, leading to expanded cultivation up to 200 acres in 2023. This research highlights the potential of integrating traditional rice varieties with organic inputs to enhance soil fertility, preserve cultural heritage, and capture niche markets for high-value rice.